High School Science Oregon Standards

Physical Science

Life Science

Engineering, Technology, and the Application of Science

Earth & Space Science

Earth's Place in the Universe

Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the life span of the sun and the role of nuclear fusion in the sun's core to release energy that eventually reaches Earth in the form of radiation.

Construct an explanation of the Big Bang theory based on astronomical evidence of light spectra, motion of distant galaxies, and composition of matter in the universe.

Communicate scientific ideas about the way stars, over their life cycle, produce elements.

Use mathematical or computational representations to predict the motion of orbiting objects in the solar system.

Evaluate evidence of the past and current movements of continental and oceanic crust and the theory of plate tectonics to explain the ages of crustal rocks.

Apply scientific reasoning and evidence from ancient Earth materials, meteorites, and other planetary surfaces to construct an account of Earth's formation and early history.

Earth's Systems

Develop a model to illustrate how Earth's internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features.

Analyze geoscience data to make the claim that one change to Earth's surface can create feedbacks that cause changes to other Earth's systems.

Develop a model based on evidence of Earth's interior to describe the cycling of matter by thermal convection.

Use a model to describe how variations in the flow of energy into and out of Earth's systems result in changes in climate.

Plan and conduct an investigation of the properties of water and its effects on Earth materials and surface processes.

Develop a quantitative model to describe the cycling of carbon among the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.

Construct an argument based on evidence about the simultaneous coevolution of Earth's systems and life on Earth.

Earth and Human Activity

Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the availability of natural resources, occurrence of natural hazards, and changes in climate have influenced human activity.

Evaluate competing design solutions for developing, managing, and utilizing energy and mineral resources based on cost-benefit ratios.

Create a computational simulation to illustrate the relationships among management of natural resources, the sustainability of human populations, and biodiversity.

Evaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on climate change and other natural systems.

Analyze geoscience data and the results from global climate models to make an evidence-based forecast of the current rate of global or regional climate change and associated future impacts to Earth systems.

Use a computational representation to illustrate the relationships among Earth systems and how those relationships are being modified due to human activity (i.e., climate change).

Engineering Design

Analyze a major global challenge to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants.

Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering.

Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem based on prioritized criteria and trade-offs that account for a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, as well as possible social, cultural, and environmental impacts.

Use a computer simulation to model the impact of proposed solutions to a complex real-world problem with numerous criteria and constraints on interactions within and between systems relevant to the problem.

From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.

Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms.

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.

Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.

Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.

Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for how carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from sugar molecules may combine with other elements to form amino acids and/or other large carbon-based molecules.

Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy.

Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

Use mathematical and/or computational representations to support explanations of factors that affect carrying capacity of ecosystems at different scales.

Use mathematical representations to support and revise explanations based on evidence about factors affecting biodiversity and populations in ecosystems of different scales.

Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for the cycling of matter and flow of energy in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Use mathematical representations to support claims for the cycling of matter and flow of energy among organisms in an ecosystem.

Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the cycling of carbon among the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.

Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.

Design, evaluate, and refine a solution for reducing the impacts of human activities on the environment and biodiversity.

Evaluate the evidence for the role of group behavior on individual and species' chances to survive and reproduce.

Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits

Ask questions to clarify relationships about the role of DNA and chromosomes in coding the instructions for characteristic traits passed from parents to offspring.

Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis,(2) viable errors occurring during replication, and/or (3) mutations caused by environmental factors.

Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.

Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity

Communicate scientific information that common ancestry and biological evolution are supported by multiple lines of empirical evidence.

Construct an explanation based on evidence that the process of evolution primarily results from four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment.

Apply concepts of statistics and probability to support explanations that organisms with an advantageous heritable trait tend to increase in proportion to organisms lacking this trait.

Construct an explanation based on evidence for how natural selection leads to adaptation of populations.

Evaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in environmental conditions may result in: (1) increases in the number of individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species over time, and (3) the extinction of other species.

Create or revise a simulation to test a solution to mitigate adverse impacts of human activity on biodiversity.

Matter and Its Interactions

Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.

Plan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the structure of substances at the bulk scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles.

Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.

Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.

Refine the design of a chemical system by specifying a change in conditions that would produce increased amounts of products at equilibrium.

Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.

Develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

Analyze data to support the claim that Newton's second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.

Use mathematical representations to support the claim that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.

Apply scientific and engineering ideas to design, evaluation, and refine a device that minimized the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.

Use mathematical representations of Newton's Law of Gravitation and Coulomb's Law to describe and predict the gravitational and electrostatic forces between objects.

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electric current can produce a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current.

Communicate scientific and technical information about why the molecular-level structure is important in the functioning of designed materials.

Energy

Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.

Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as either motions of particles or energy stored in fields.

Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).

Develop and use a model of two objects interacting through electric or magnetic fields to illustrate the forces between objects and the changes in energy of the objects due to the interaction.

Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer

Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.

Evaluate questions about the advantages of using a digital transmission and storage of information.

Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind the idea that electromagnetic radiation can be described either by a wave model or a particle model, and that for some situations one model is more useful than the other.

Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.

Communicate technical information about how some technological devices use the principles of wave behavior and wave interactions with matter to transmit and capture information and energy.

Civics

Civic Engagement (C.CE)

Explain how active citizens and political or social movements can affect the lawmaking process locally, nationally, and internationally.

Identify and assess the planning and methods groups facing discrimination used to achieve access to voting, as well as expansion of rights and liberties from 1865 to the present.

Compare the debate over a public policy issue from the past with a contemporary issue and evaluate the role of political parties, interest groups, social movements, and media in influencing public opinion.

Democratic Principles (C.DP)

Using primary sources from multiple perspectives, identify and explain historical and contemporary efforts to narrow discrepancies between foundational ideas and values of American democracy and the realities of American political and civic life for traditionally underrepresented groups.

Argue and defend positions on contemporary issues in which foundational ideas or values are in tension.

Identify and analyze the existence and perpetuation of discrimination and inequity in the local, state, national, or context.

Identify and evaluate the effect of the exclusionary language and intent of the Oregon and U.S. Constitution and the provisions and process for expanding and protecting civil rights.

Identify the requirements and process for voting.

Identity, Roles, and Responsibilities (C.IR)

Analyze how political parties, interest and community groups, corporations, and mass media influence the beliefs and behaviors of individuals, and the policies and laws adopted by local, state, and national governments.

Identify and explain the roles and responsibilities of branches and agencies responsible for the foreign policy of the United States.

Using primary sources from multiple perspectives, discuss and debate the central ideas of the government of the United States and Oregon.

Describe the civic behaviors that promote and strengthen a pluralistic democracy.

Political Institutions (C.PI)

Investigate and compare core elements of early governments that were influential and evident in the United States government structure.

Compare and contrast the United States republican form of government to direct democracy, theocracy, oligarchy, authoritarianism, and monarchy.

Examine and compare institutions, functions, and processes of government.

Using the Tribal History/Shared History resources and other primary and secondary source documents, identify and explain the development and mechanisms for the government-to-government relationship between Oregon and the nine federally recognized tribal governments.

Explore and explain the historical evolution of the debate over the role, function, and size of the federal branches of government.

Analyze and evaluate a landmark United States Supreme Court case addressing principles of federalism.

Compare core documents associated with the protection of individual rights.

Micro and Macro Economics (E.MI)

Economics

Incentives, Choice, and Consumer Behavior (E.IC)

Describe the potential intended and unintended benefits and negative consequences of government economic programs and policies on the welfare and well-being of individuals and groups including traditionally underrepresented groups.

Explain how consumers and producers confront the condition of scarcity by making choices that involve opportunity costs and tradeoffs.

Analyze the effect of global events such as wars and technological developments on industry and consumers.

Define supply and demand and explain the factors that determine the production and distribution of goods and services in a market economy.

Create and explain economic models of supply and demand.

Analyze the effects of shortages and surpluses on supply and demand.

Explain and give examples of the roles the government may play in a market economy.

Explain the role of banks and other financial institutions in the market economy of the United States and analyze the reasons for banking crises.

Describe the intent and functions of the Federal Reserve System.

Assess the health of the U.S. economy by applying the economic indicators of inflation, deflation, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and unemployment from 1865 to the present.

Specialization, Trade, and Interdependence (E.ST)

Analyze the role of comparative advantage in the international trade of goods and services.

Identify the basic characteristics of monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition, and perfect competition.

Explain how international economic trends and policies affect political, social, and economic conditions in various nations.

Summarize the role and effect of economic institutions within market economies.

Analyze the effect on national and global markets of the use of slavery and other exploitative labor systems in the development of the U.S. infrastructure, wage competition, trade, and standards of living.

Geography

Geographic Reasoning (G.GR)

Use geographic tools, various kinds of maps, and geospatial technologies to examine geographic components of past and current world events or to solve geographic problems.

Human Environmental Interaction (G.HE)

Evaluate efforts at the local, national, or international level to address the use of limited or environmentally harmful resources.

Identify and describe how the relationship to land, utilization of natural resources, displacement, and land ownership affects historically underrepresented identities, cultures, and communities.

Explain how technological developments, societal decisions, and personal practices influence global resource consumption patterns, conservation, and environmental sustainability.

Human Interaction and Interconnection (G.HI)

Identify the effects of geographical factors on the interactions among societies.

Assess the effect of human settlement activities on the environmental and cultural characteristics of specific places and regions.

Identify examples of conflict and cooperation involving the use of land and natural resources.

Migration and Movement (G.MM)

Analyze recent voluntary and forced migration patterns to identify and understand the push and pull factors and their effect on people and places.

Investigate and analyze how political and economic decisions determine the settlement patterns of human populations, including the removal and segregation of communities in the United States.

Investigate and analyze the migration and settlement patterns of human populations, including the removal and segregation of communities in past and in current societies globally.

Explain how changes in transportation and communication technology affect the spatial connections among human settlements and the diffusion of ideas and cultural practices including religious beliefs, economic exchange, and languages.

US History 1865-Present

Conflict and Cooperation (US.CC)

Analyze primary sources from multiple perspectives to develop an argument about how the conflict between traditionalism and modernity in the early 20th century generated both progress and backlash on issues of justice and equality.

Identify global conflicts and compromises to evaluate actions of the United States as an emerging global power between 1890-1945.

Analyze how the differing ideologies and policies of the United States and the Soviet Union contributed to conflict and cooperation in multiple continents during the Cold War Era between 1945-1991.

Identify how Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union shaped domestic attitudes, culture, and policies.

Analyze examples of US intervention, conflict, and compromise between the United States and other nations, groups, and individuals in the post-Cold War Era.

Cause and Effect (US.CE)

Evaluate the actions and methods groups facing discrimination used to achieve expansion of rights and liberties from 1865-present.

Using primary source images, data, and documents, describe the causes of immigration to the United States and identify the domestic social and political responses to migration and immigration in the United States from the 19th century to the present.

Continuity and Change (US.CH)

Analyze social, political, and economic continuity and change following the Civil War and Reconstruction (1865-1896) with attention to how post-war policies and actions affected traditionally underrepresented groups and individuals.

Using primary sources from multiple perspectives, identify and analyze developments in the growth of the US economy, the changing role of government, and efforts of individuals and organizations attempting to reduce political, economic, and social inequalities in the 20th century.

Analyze the foreign policy statements of the United States to trace the changing role of United States intervention in global affairs from 1823 to the present.

Identify and analyze the developments and consequences of significant changes in technology on American society and culture from 1865-present:

Communities and Pluralism (H.CP)

Examine how underrepresented groups, including those identifying by race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and religion viewed themselves and contributed to the identity of the United States in the world from 1865-present.

Using the Tribal History/Shared History resources and other primary and secondary documents, analyze and explain the histories of the American Indian/Alaska Natives and the history of Native Hawaiians in Oregon to examine the effect of state and federal actions and policies on tribal populations, rights, and culture.

Examine the perspectives of survivors of Indigenous genocide, Black communities destroyed by violence, and other human rights violations utilizing primary sources from multiple perspectives including written and recorded survivor testimonies.

Analyze the long-term consequences of the Jim Crow era (1870s–1960s).

Assess the role and consequences of antisemitism in the United States.

Analyze the role of religion in shaping social, cultural, and political developments in the United States during the 20th century.

Analyze the origins, evolution, and goals of the movement for Black equality from 1865 to the present, including examples of the social and political resistance to integration and equality.

Identify and analyze political, social, and intellectual movements in the post-WWII United States that challenged discrimination and changed traditional assumptions about race, ethnicity, class, gender, the environment, and religion.

World History (1789-Present)

Conflict and Cooperation (US.CC)

Examine various means national and cultural groups used in attempts to combat the power of European Imperialism between 1750-1945.

Analyze and assess how superpower rivalries created new political alliances, led to proxy wars, and resulted in the rise of international organizations from 1945- 1991.

Assess the effectiveness of organizations and institutions designed to foster collaboration, compromise, and development from 1945-present.

Analyze methods used by state and non-state actors in efforts to decolonize, including protests, social media campaigns, non-violent actions, boycotts, terrorism, guerilla warfare, and other methods from 1945 to the present.

Cause and Effect (US.CE)

Determine the causes of World War I. Analyze causes and effects of political revolutions in multiple global regions from 1789 to the present.

Determine the causes of World War I.

Analyze the political, social, economic, and cultural developments following World War I.

Continuity and Change (WR.CH)

Use primary and secondary resources to analyze the development of political identity associated with the nation-state and nationalism.

Analyze the political, social, and economic causes and effects of industrialization in Europe and North America between 1850 and the present

Communities and Pluralism (H.CP)

Identify the characteristics of fascism, militarism, and totalitarianism as exhibited in the rise of the authoritarian regimes in Italy, Japan, Germany, and the Soviet Union during the 1920s and 1930s

Determine the causes of World War II.

Identify the causes and effects of Japanese, Soviet, and German colonial military occupation on civilians from 1910-1945.

Analyze the political, social, economic, and cultural developments following World War II.

Identify and explain the significance of the origins of antisemitism.

Explain the significant events, public policies, and experiences of the Holocaust.

Analyze primary documents to examine the role individual bystanders, collaborators, and perpetrators played in the implementation of Nazi policies against Jewish people and other targeted groups, as well as the role of resisters in opposing the Nazis and their policies within German-occupied territory.

Evaluate the international community’s responses to the persecution of Jews and other identity groups during the Holocaust.

Analyze the conditions and responses to genocides of the 20th century.

Analyze efforts among nation-states and in the international community’s efforts to hold perpetrators responsible for their involvement in the Holocaust and other acts of genocide.